The main function of TLRs is the ability to recognize numerous pathogens (Gao et al., 2017). Each cell of immune system contains a specific group of TLR that exert special functions in recognizing PAMP/DAMP and mediating immune responses (Lancaster et al., 2005; Cole et al., 2010). TLR function in innate immunity is through the induction of antimicrobial activity and the production of inflammatory cytokines (Vidya et al., 2017; Li et al., 2010). Upon activation by PAMPs or DAMPs, TLRs recruit adapter proteins that act as a platform to recruit IL-1R-associated protein kinases (IRAK) 1, 2, 4, and M and TAB2 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) which finally leads to nuclear translocation of pro-inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) (Li et al., 2010; Kumar et al., 2011), activator protein 1 (AP-1) (Gay et al., 2014), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) (Zhao et al., 2015). Each transcription factor is responsible for the transcription of specific genes that encodes different set of proteins such as pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6] and type 1 interferon (IFN-α, β), chemokines (CXCL8 and CXCL10), and antimicrobial peptides (Moresco et al., 2011).
Chicken Invaders 3 Activation Code 13
2ff7e9595c
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